Newborns are often perceived as fragile and helpless, but in reality, they come into the world equipped with five innate abilities that are crucial for their survival and development. Dr. Harvey Karp, renowned pediatrician and author of The Happiest Baby on the Block, emphasizes that these abilities are a result of the brain’s limited development at birth. This limitation necessitates that the brain prioritizes essential functions to ensure the baby’s immediate needs are met.

1. The Calming Reflex

Newborns are born with an innate calming reflex, which allows them to reduce distress and feel more secure — but it doesn’t work on its own. Babies rely on caregivers to provide womb-like conditions, such as gentle rocking, swaddling, shushing, or sucking, to trigger this reflex. When supported in this way, babies can settle more quickly and feel safe in their new environment.

2. The Rooting Reflex

The rooting reflex is essential for feeding. When a baby’s cheek is stroked, they instinctively turn their head toward the touch and open their mouth, seeking the breast or bottle. This reflex ensures that newborns can find nourishment even if they haven’t yet learned to latch properly.

3. The Moro Reflex

Also known as the startle reflex, the Moro reflex occurs when a baby feels a sudden loss of support or hears a loud noise. They will throw their arms and legs out and then pull them back in, often crying afterward. This reflex is believed to be a protective mechanism, helping the baby cling to the mother in response to a perceived threat.

4. The Grasp Reflex

When an object is placed in a baby’s palm, they will automatically grasp it. This reflex is thought to be a precursor to voluntary grasping and is vital for early bonding. It also lays the foundation for later motor skills development.

5. The Stepping Reflex

If held upright with their feet touching a solid surface, babies will make stepping motions, as if trying to walk. While they aren’t ready to walk yet, this reflex indicates the early development of motor coordination and muscle strength.

Understanding the Fourth Trimester

Dr. Karp introduces the concept of the “fourth trimester,” referring to the first three months after birth when a baby’s brain is still developing outside the womb. During this period, babies rely heavily on their caregivers to provide the comfort and security they need. By understanding these innate abilities and the limitations of a newborn’s brain, parents can better support their baby’s transition into the world. Learn More